Bank Indonesia as the central bank by Act No.. 23 of 1999 is an independent state institution. In his capacity as the central bank, Bank Indonesia has one single purpose, namely to achieve and maintain rupiah stability. To achieve these objectives, course activities conducted by Bank Indonesia is not the same as those carried out by the bank in general.So, although there is the word "bank" in the Bank Indonesia, Bank Indonesia did not conduct commercial activities such as those conducted by the bank in general either Banks or Rural Bank. This means that, Bank Indonesia can not accept savings, current accounts and deposits from the general public. In addition to the general public can not directly ask for credit to Bank Indonesia.
If so, what is it that the task of Bank Indonesia? What activities are performed by Bank Indonesia? Well, the three pillars of the three areas of the main tasks of Bank Indonesia as the central bank is the first, to formulate and implement monetary policy.
Second, set up and maintain the smooth payment system. In conjunction with these duties, Bank Indonesia also has a task that can only be performed by Bank Indonesia, which is spending money as legal tender in Indonesia by printing money, distribute and regulate the money supply. Here, Bank Indonesia has the sole right to issue banknotes and coins. Bank Indonesia should keep the money is always available in sufficient quantity, the composition of the appropriate fractions, at the right time and in good shape as needed.
Third Bank Indonesia also serves to develop the banking system and credit system healthy by doing the coaching and supervision of banking.
History of Bank IndonesiaBank Indonesia's history is long and tortuous, but briefly we may see that Bank Indonesia as the central bank, was born on July 1, 1953. The birth of Bank Indonesia is based on the Basic Law or the Bank Indonesia Act No. 11 of 1953, nearly eight years after the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.
The birth of Bank Indonesia is a result of nationalization of De Javasche Bank, a Dutch bank in the colonial period assigned by the Dutch government as a circulation bank in the Netherlands Indies. So, the first history, De Javasche Bank which is the forerunner of the birth of Bank Indonesia.
If you look at the age of De Javasche His bank itself still has more than 172 years, since it was founded in 1828 and serves as the first bank circulation would also carry out commercial activities. De Javasche Bank then assigned to the central bank in 1949 based on the results of the Round Table Conference.
but as the Central Bank at the time, De Javasche Bank also continued to conduct commercial activities. In 1953. De Javasche Bank was nationalized into BANK INDONESIA is also designated as the Central Bank. But, as earlier, Bank Indonesia also continue to conduct commercial activities.
With the dual role performed by Bank Indonesia at the time of course lead to monetary developments are not healthy for economic development. On the basis of the circumstances, in 1968 through Act No. 13 of 1968 on the central bank, Bank Indonesia's role changed again and mounted in a pure as the Central Bank.
This means that Bank Indonesia no longer conduct commercial activities in addition to performing their duties and functions have been defined. In subsequent developments, Law no. 13 of 1968 felt no longer in line with developments.
Several provisions in the law in fact has not provided sufficient guarantees for the implementation of the function of an independent central bank. Determination of status and position of Bank Indonesia as the Government servants for example, open the possibility of interference from outside parties who in turn lead to policies that are not even taken to be less effective.
With this background, then on May 17, 2000 was born the Law. 23 of Law No. 1999 as a replacement. 13 of 1968 which provides status and position of the Bank Indonesia as an independent central bank and free of outside interference, including the Government.
Organizations in Bank Indonesia
As befits an institution, then the duties of Bank Indonesia also has a leader. Its leaders were certainly different from banks in Conformed to the Law no. 23 of 1999 referred to the leadership of Bank Indonesia Board of Governors. Well, the Board of Governors is composed of a governor, a senior deputy governor, and at least 4 (four) and a maximum of 7 (seven) Deputy Governor.
What is interesting here is in accordance with the independence of the Bank Indonesia no longer provide accountability reports to the President as the previous legislation, but rather to the House of Representatives. And the Governor of Bank Indonesia is not a member of the cabinet.
Meanwhile, the Organization of Bank Indonesia as a whole consists of 25 directorates / agencies, 37 local Bank Indonesia is spread across the region RI, and 4 Representative Offices in New York, London, Tokyo, and Singapore.
The role of Bank Indonesia in the Field of Monetary
As the monetary authority, Bank Indonesia to formulate and implement monetary policy to achieve and maintain rupiah stability. Policy direction is based on inflation target is achieved by considering a variety of other macroeconomic targets, both in the short, medium and long term.
The implementation of monetary policy is done by setting operational objectives, ie base money (base money). As we do a job, surely we need a tool to facilitate the.
Similarly, the Bank Indonesia. To carry out duties in the field of monetary, Bank Indonesia has advanced tools, known as monetary, monetary tool is, Open Market Operations, the determination of the discount rate, and determination of minimum required reserves for banks (reserve requirements).
In connection with its role in monetary affairs, Bank Indonesia also determine the exchange rate policy, manages foreign exchange reserves, and acting as lender of last resort. In performing its function as lender of last resort, Bank Indonesia may provide financing to bank loans or the short-term liquidity difficulties caused by the mismatch in the management of funds with due regard to the criteria established in accordance with the applicable provisions of Law No. . 23 of 1999.
The role of Bank Indonesia in Payment Systems
In addition to its work in the field of monetary and banking system, Bank Indonesia task other equally important is to hold the payment system. Among others, by extending roads, improving, and managing traffic demand deposits payments and conduct inter-bank clearing.
Program development of the national payment system has been developed, among others, Electronic Clearing System Jakarta (SKEJ), Determination of Schedule Clearing T + 0, Bank Indonesia Information Services and Transactions between the Bank in Electronic (BI-LINE), System Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) , and Funds Transfer Systems in the U.S. dollar in Indonesia.
Bank Indonesia continues to improve the efficiency of the national payment system and strengthen supervision (oversight) surveillance system to realize the payment system of consumer protection in Indonesia.
In addition, associated with its work in the field of payment systems, Bank Indonesia is the only institution authorized to issue and circulate the rupiah currency and pull out, withdraw money from circulation.
The role of Bank Indonesia in the Guidance and Supervision of Banking
Until the end of September 2000 there were 153 commercial banks and the 7771 Rural Bank (RB) which operates in Indonesia. As a builder and supervisor of banks, Bank Indonesia to act like a "father" to "child" her.
If there is a naughty child of a father will try to inform, direct and even rebuke when necessary in order to keep the child focused. Similarly, in performing the guidance and supervision of banking, the task of Bank Indonesia as the "Father" is a guide how to create a sound banking and economic benefit to the community.
To achieve this objective, Bank Indonesia has set the rules, give and revoke permits for institutional or certain business activities of the bank, carry out supervision over banks, and impose sanctions against the bank in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In the area of supervision, direct supervision of Bank Indonesia (on site supervision) and indirect (off-site supervision).
Direct supervision carried out either in the form of periodic inspection or any time when needed. Indirect supervision is done through research, analysis, and evaluation of reports submitted by the bank. In an effort to rebuild public confidence in Indonesia's financial system and economy after the crisis, the government and Bank Indonesia has embarked on a comprehensive restructuring measures since
1 komentar:
posting is good
Post a Comment